WIC and the Retail Price of Infant Formula
- by Victor Oliveira, Mark Prell, David Smallwood and Elizabeth Frazão
- 6/1/2004
Overview
Rebates from infant formula manufacturers to State agencies that administer the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) support over one-quarter of all WIC participants. However, concerns have been raised that WIC and its infant formula rebate program may significantly affect the infant formula prices faced by non-WIC consumers. This report presents findings from the most comprehensive national study of infant formula prices at the retail level. For a given set of wholesale prices, WIC and its infant formula rebate program resulted in modest increases in the supermarket price of infant formula, especially in States with a high percentage of WIC formula-fed infants. However, lower priced infant formulas are available to non-WIC consumers in most areas of the country, and the number of these lower priced alternatives is increasing over time.
Download
-
Report Summary
Download (PDF, 59.04 KB) -
Full Report
Download (PDF, 1.9 MB) -
Abstract, Acknowledgments, Contents, Summary, Definitions
Download (PDF, 501.09 KB) -
Introduction
Download (PDF, 70.1 KB) -
Overview of the WIC Program
Download (PDF, 75.87 KB) -
The WIC Infant Formula Rebate Program
Download (PDF, 556.15 KB) -
The Domestic Infant Formula Market
Download (PDF, 85.11 KB) -
Source of Infant Formula Data
Download (PDF, 162.58 KB) -
Infant Formula Trends
Download (PDF, 87.28 KB) -
Infant Formula Prices and Availability by Market Area
Download (PDF, 473.66 KB) -
Event Study Analysis of Retail Infant Formula Prices
Download (PDF, 72.65 KB) -
Multivariate Analysis of the Determinants of Retail Infant Formula Prices
Download (PDF, 114.17 KB) -
Discussion
Download (PDF, 70.66 KB) -
Conclusions
Download (PDF, 52.04 KB) -
References
Download (PDF, 46.43 KB) -
Appendix A
Download (PDF, 62.66 KB) -
Appendix B
Download (PDF, 79.96 KB) -
Appendix C
Download (PDF, 89.07 KB) -
Appendix D
Download (PDF, 89.14 KB) -
Appendix E
Download (PDF, 51.07 KB)
We’d welcome your feedback!
Would you be willing to answer a few quick questions about your experience?