Agricultural Trade Multipliers Suggested citation: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. (2025). Agricultural Trade Multipliers Data Product General Documentation. This file was made available on June 30, 2025. Questions concerning the development, use, or interpretation of these data should be addressed to: Wendy Zeng and Fengxia Dong USDA/Economic Research Service/Market and Trade Economics Division -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Machine readable .csv files containing general documentation on the following data products: Agricultural Trade Multipliers (current release) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agricultural Trade Multipliers (current release) Machine readable comma-separated value (.csv) data Agricultural Trade Multipliers file notes: The "current".csv data file contains 620 rows of data, one data point per row. These data outline the scope and general information for the Agricultural Trade Multipliers data outputs: Producer employment multipliers, Producer output multipliers, Port employment multipliers, and Port Output Multipliers. Column Names CommodityName ............... (124 ERS Commodity Groups-see below for product group & ERS number) Variable ............... (Producer Employment Multiplier- job multiplier at the producer stage Producer Output Multiplier- output multiplier that includes just the activity embodied in the commodity as it leaves the farm gate or manufacturer's door Port Employment Multiplier-job multiplier at the port stage Port Output Multiplier- economic output multiplier that includes the farm or manufacturing sector's value, in addition to the shipping, handling, and storage charges associated with moving the product from the producer or manufacturer to the port Export Value-value of the exports for a commodity) Unit ............... (Jobs per 1 billion U.S. dollars of export value; Total U.S. dollar economic output per U.S. dollar of export value; 1,000 U.S. dollars) Value ............... (Numeric Value) Year ............... (Year(s) of data) General File Notes: - NESOI in the commodity name description means "Not Elsewhere Specified Or Included" - An employment multiplier is a summation of the amount of employment supported by one dollar of such demand - An output multiplier is a summation of the economic output supported by one dollar of demand for a particular product from a particular industry - Jobs refers to full-time civilian jobs, as measured in full-time equivalents (FTEs). FTE is a conversion of the number of hours worked to an equivalent number of full-time positions; for its ATM model, ERS uses a ratio of 2,080 hours per year per FTE - The "Year" column is the year of the data and not the ATM data product release year - All releases (current release and historical) use the 2017 BEA benchmark table -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sources: These data products combine information from USDA, Economic Research Service; USDA, National Agriculture Statistics Service; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau; U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124 ERS Product Groups:(ERS number / Product Group) 1-Soybeans 2-Other oilseeds 3-Corn 4-Rice 5-Sorghum 6-Wheat 7-Other grains 8-Asparagus, fresh or chilled 9-Cucumbers and gherkins, fresh or chilled 10-Fruits of the genus capsicum (peppers) or of the genus pimento 11-Lettuce, fresh or chilled 12-Melons 13-Pulses 14-Tomatoes, fresh or chilled 15-Other vegetables 16-Avocados, fresh or dried 17-Bananas and plantains 18-Fresh apples 19-Fresh oranges 20-Fresh grapes 21-Lemons and limes, fresh or dried 22-Pineapples, fresh or dried 23-Fresh blueberries 24-Fresh raspberries 25-Fresh strawberries 26-Fresh cherries 27-Other berries 28-Other fruit 29-Cocoa beans 30-Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated 31-Almonds, fresh or dried, in shell 32-Pistachios, in shell, fresh or dried 33-Walnuts, fresh or dried, in shell 34-Other tree nuts, fresh or dried, in shell 35-Fresh cut roses 36-Other nursery and floriculture production 37-Tobacco 38-Cotton 39-Sugarcane and sugar beets 40-Hay and other forage crops 41-All other crops 42-Cattle 43-Poultry and egg production 44-Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs 45-Live horses, other than thoroughbreds 46-Forest nurseries, forest products, and timber 47-Fishing 48-Dog and cat food 49-Other animal food 50-Flour milling and malt 51-Mixes and doughs 52-Rice milling 53-Corn gluten feed, meal, or other starch residues 54-High fructose corn syrup 55-Distiller’s dried grains 56-Other wet corn milling 57-Rapeseed meal 58-Rapeseed oil 59-Soybean meal 60-Crude soybean oil 61-Olive oil and its fractions, virgin, not chemically modified 62-Other oilseed processing 63-Palm oil and its fractions, refined but not chemically modified 64-Other fats and oils refining and blending 65-Breakfast cereal 66-Chocolate or cocoa food preparations 67-Cocoa butter 68-Cocoa paste or powder 69-Confectionery not containing cocoa, including chewing gum 70-Sugar and molasses manufacturing 71-Other sugar and confectionery products 72-Frozen potatoes, prepared or preserved 73-Other frozen food 74-Fruit juices 75-Soups and broths and preparations therefor 76-Other fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying 77-Fluid milk and butter 78-Cheese 79-Nonfat dry milk 80-Whey and modified whey, whether or not concentrated 81-Other dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy products 82-Ice cream and frozen desserts 83-Bovine hides 84-Bovine meat 85-Bovine offal 86-Swine meat 87-Swine offal 88-Other animal slaughtering, rendering, and processing 89-Chicken cuts and edible offal 90-Other poultry processing 91-Bread and bakery products 92-Cookies, crackers, and pasta 93-Almonds, fresh or dried, shelled 94-Walnuts, fresh or dried, shelled 95-Cashew nuts, fresh or dried, shelled 96-Other snack food 97-Coffee, roasted, not decaffeinated 98-Other coffee and tea 99-Flavoring syrup and concentrate 100-Sauces and preparations therefor, NESOI, and mixed condiments and mixed seasonings 101-Other seasoning and dressing 102-All other food 103-Soft drinks and ice 104-Breweries 105-Sparkling wine 106-Spirits distilled from grape wine or grape marc 107-Wine of fresh grapes, containers of 2 Liters or less 108-Other wineries 109-Liqueurs and cordials 110-Tequila 111-Vodka 112-Whiskies 113-Other distilleries 114-Cigars, cheroots, cigarillos and cigarettes of tobacco substitutes 115-Other tobacco products 116-Fiber, yarn, and thread mills 117-Textile and fabric finishing mills 118-All other textile product mills 119-Biodiesels 120-Fuel ethanol 121-All other basic organic chemicals 122-Medicinal and botanical manufacturing 123-Adhesives 124-Essential oils -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How to Create Custom Bundle of Goods Multipliers The following describes how to calculate the output and job multipliers for a specific bundle of goods. First, we go over how to obtain the port output multiplier for a custom bundle of commodities. The equation calculates the weighted average (based on export value) of the port multipliers for each commodity in the bundle. Port output multiplier = (M1 * X1 + M2 * X2 + ......+Mn * Xn)/(X1+X2+......Xn) Xi represents the export value for commodity i, where i=1,......,n, and n is the number of commodities in the bundle. Mi represents the port multiplier for commodity i. We can go through a simple example for the port output multiplier. Suppose we want to calculate the bundle for soybeans and corn. Our value of n would be 2, and the equation would be: Port output multiplier = (M1 * X1 + M2 * X2)/(X1+X2) where M1 is the port multiplier for soybeans, X1 is the soybean export value, M2 is the port multiplier for corn, and X2 is the corn export value.