Definitions and Data Sources
This section provides definitions and data sources for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-authorized Retailer Access Map’s (SRAM) census-tract level indicators as measured by Euclidean (straight line, “as the crow flies”) and network (vehicle travel along roads) distances.
General Tract Characteristics
General tract characteristics without access measurement
Population, tract total
Definition: Total number of individuals residing in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Group quarters, tract with high percentage of population
Definition: A tract in which at least 67 percent of the population live in group quarters such as dormitories, military bases, assisted living or skilled nursing facilities, and other large institutions.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Low-income tract
Definition: A tract with either a poverty rate of 20 percent or more, or a median family income less than or equal to 80 percent of the State-wide median family income; or a tract in a metropolitan area with a median family income less than or equal to 80 percent of the metropolitan area’s median family income.
Data sources: Census Bureau’s 2020–24 American Community Survey's census tract estimates.
Poverty rate
Definition: The share of the tract population living with income at or below the Federal poverty threshold by family size.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey's census tract estimates.
Median income
Definition: Median family income of a tract based on the distribution of family income, including families with no income.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey's census tract estimates.
Number of low-income people, tract total
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey census tract estimates.
Urban/rural status
Definition: This variable indicates whether the population-weighted centroid of a census tract is in an urban or rural area. Urban and rural are defined in the Census Bureau urban area definitions, where rural areas are sparsely populated areas with fewer than 5,000 people or 2,000 housing units, and urban areas are areas with at least 5,000 people or 2,000 housing units. A census tract is urban if the geographic centroid of the tract is in an area with at least 5,000 people or 2,000 housing units; all other tracts are rural.
Data sources: In the Food Access Research Atlas (FARA), census tracts are classified as urban or rural based on the location of their population-weighted centroids relative to Census Bureau urban area boundaries, where centroids within an urban area boundary are urban tracts, and those outside the boundaries are considered rural. The Census Bureau's Centers of Population data provides pre-calculated population-weighted centroids using methodology documented by the Census Bureau. Their centroid calculations assume a spherical Earth model with latitude-based distance adjustments.
Housing units, tract total
Definition: Total number of housing units in the census tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing, reported at the census tract level.
Total child population
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total senior population
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total White population
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total Black or African American population
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total Asian population
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander population
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total American Indian or Alaska Native population
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total Some Other Race/ Two or More Races population
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total Hispanic or Latino population
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Total number of housing units without a vehicle
Definition: Number of housing units without access to a vehicle in a tract.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey census tract estimates.
Total SNAP housing units
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits in a tract.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey tract estimates.
Total veteran population
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living in a tract.
Data sources: 2020 Census of Population and Housing tract-level counts.
Tribal area, tract share
Definition: Percentage of Tribal area (Federally recognized American Indian reservations and off-reservation trust land areas, State-recognized American Indian reservations, and Hawaiian home lands) in a tract.
Data sources: The geographic Tribal area data are from Census Bureau geographic data on American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian Areas (AIANNH), and include reservations, lands, statistical areas, and joint-use areas recognized as Federal, State, and Tribal entities. Tribal area in square meters is calculated at tract level and then divided by the total area in square meters of the tract.
Distance-Based Measures Summary Table
A summary table of distance‑based measures is provided below to offer a summary of thresholds, criteria, and distance types across measures. Readers can use this table to quickly identify the measures before reviewing the full definitions in subsequent sections.
| Measure name | Income criteria | Distance type | Urban threshold | Rural threshold | Population/housing criteria | Data sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-income and low-access tract (1/10 miles) | Low-income tract | Euclidean or network | >1 mile | >10 miles | ≥500 people or ≥33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; ACS; Census 2020 |
| Low-income and low-access tract (0.5/10 miles) | Low-income tract | Euclidean or network | >0.5 mile | >10 miles | ≥500 people or ≥33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; ACS; Census 2020 |
| Low-income and low-access tract (1/20 miles) | Low-income tract | Euclidean or network | >1 mile | >20 miles | ≥500 people or ≥33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; ACS; Census 2020 |
| Low-income and low-access tract using vehicle access | Low-income tract | Euclidean or network | *** >0.5 mile + no vehicle (regardless of urban status) | *** >20 miles (regardless of rural status) | ≥100 households no vehicle or ≥500 people/33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; ACS; Census 2020 |
| Low-access tract (1/10 miles) | None | Euclidean or network | >1 mile | >10 miles | ≥500 people or ≥33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; Census 2020 |
| Low-access tract (0.5/10 miles) | None | Euclidean or network | >0.5 mile | >10 miles | ≥500 people or ≥33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; Census 2020 |
| Low-access tract (1/20 miles) | None | Euclidean or network | >1 mile | >20 miles | ≥500 people or ≥33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; Census 2020 |
| Low-access tract using vehicle access | None | Euclidean or network | *** >0.5 mile + no vehicle (regardless of urban status) | *** >20 miles (regardless of rural status) | ≥100 households no vehicle or ≥500 people/33 percent from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; ACS; Census 2020 |
| Population Subgroups (e.g., children, seniors, race/ethnicity, veterans) | None | Euclidean or network | Varies | Varies | Count or share of subgroup from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; LandScan; ACS; Census 2020 |
| Housing units without vehicle | None | Euclidean or network | Varies | Varies | Count or share from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; ACS; Census 2020 |
| SNAP housing units | None | Euclidean or network | Varies | Varies | Count or share from the nearest SNAP store | STARS; ACS; Census 2020 |
|
STARS = Store Tracking and Redemption System, which has stores authorized to accept SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits Landscan = LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns ACS = American Community Survey (ACS) Census 2020 = 2020 Census of Population and Housing Note: Asterisks (***) denote that the measure applies to all areas, regardless of whether a tract is urban or rural. In contrast, the 0.5-mile and 1‑mile thresholds in the other measures are used for urban areas, while the 10-mile and 20‑mile thresholds apply to rural areas. |
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Euclidean-based Distance Measures
Euclidean-based low-income and low-access distance measures
Euclidean: Low-income and low-access tract measured at 1 mile and 10 miles
Definition: A low-income tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: The Food and Nutrition Administration (FNA; formerly Food and Nutrition Service) provided the complete list of food retailers authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025 from the Store Tracking and Redemption System (STARS) directory; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns, which is produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory; 2020–24 American Community Survey's tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low-income and low-access tract measured at one-half mile and 10 miles
Definition: A low-income tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey’s tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low-income and low-access tract measured at 1 and 20 miles
Definition: A low-income tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey’s tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low-income and low-access tract using vehicle access and at 20 miles
Definition: A low-income tract where at least one of the following is true: at least 100 households are located more than one-half mile from the nearest food store and have no vehicle access; or at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, live more than 20 miles from the nearest food store, regardless of vehicle availability. In the SRAM, the nearest foodstore is the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey’s tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean-based low access and distance measures
Euclidean: Low-access tract at 1 and 10 miles
Definition: A tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low-access tract at one-half and 10 miles
Definition: A tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low-access tract at 1 and 20 miles
Definition: A tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low-access tract using vehicle access and at 20 miles
Definition: A tract in which at least 100 households are located more than one-half mile from the nearest foodstore and have no vehicle access; or at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, live more than 20 miles from the nearest foodstore, regardless of vehicle availability. In the SRAM, the nearest foodstore is the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates.
Euclidean: Low-access tract at one-half mile
Definition: An urban tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low access, share of people at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low-access tract at 1 mile
Definition: An urban tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low access, share of people at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low-access tract at 10 miles
Definition: A rural tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low access, share of people at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low-access tract at 20 miles
Definition: A rural tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; Census of Population; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low access, share of people at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at 1 or 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals in a tract living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at one-half or 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals in a tract living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low access, number of people at 1 or 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals in a tract living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean-based vehicle availability
Euclidean: No vehicle, tract with high number of housing units at one-half mile
Definition: A tract in which at least 100 households have no vehicle access and are located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at one-half mile
Definition: Number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than one-half mile from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at 1 mile
Definition: Number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than 1 mile from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units without access to a vehicle and more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at 10 miles
Definition: Number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than 10 miles from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units in the tract to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at 20 miles
Definition: Number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than 20 miles from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units in the tract to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Euclidean: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Euclidean-based low-income and low-access measures
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at 1 or 10 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at one-half or 10 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at 1 or 20 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at one-half mile
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, share of people at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at 1 mile
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, share of people at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at 10 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, share of people at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, number of people at 20 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Low income, low access, share of people at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean-based low access and population subgroups
Euclidean: Children, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025.
Tract-level population data from the 2020 Census of Population and Housing were aerially allocated using 3-arcsecond-square grids across the United States. For each 3-arcsecond-square grid cell, the distance was calculated from its geographic center to the center of the grid cell with the nearest foodstore.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Children, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025.
Tract-level population data from the ; 2020 Census of Population and Housing. were aerially allocated using 3-arcsecond-square grids across the United States. For each 3-arcsecond-square grid cell, the distance was calculated from its geographic center to the center of the grid cell with the nearest foodstore.Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: White, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: White, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian or Alaska Native in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/ Two or More Races, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/ Two or More Races living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/ Two or More Races, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/ Two or More Races living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population Some Other Race/ Two or More Races in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, share at least one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Euclidean: Children, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Children, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: White, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: White, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from the SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian or Alaska Native in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Euclidean: Children, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Children, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, share at 10 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: White, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: White, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than 10 mile from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian or Alaska Native in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025, LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, share at least 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Euclidean: Children, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Children, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Seniors, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: White, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: White, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Black or African American, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Asian, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian and Alaska Native in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: Veterans, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Euclidean: SNAP housing units, low access, share at least 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized store, calculated using Euclidean-based (straight-line) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing, 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once Euclidean (straight-line) distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Network-based Distance Measures
Network-based low-income and low-access distance measures
Network: Low-income and low-access tract measured at 1 mile and 10 miles
Definition: A low-income tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey's tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low-income and low-access tract measured at one-half mile and 10 miles
Definition: A low-income tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey's tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low-income and low-access tract measured at 1 and 20 miles
Definition: A low-income tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey's tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low-income and low-access tract using vehicle access and at 20 miles
Definition: A low-income tract where at least one of the following is true: at least 100 households are located more than one-half mile from the nearest foodstore and have no vehicle access; or at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, live more than 20 miles from the nearest foodstore, regardless of vehicle availability. In the SRAM, the nearest foodstore is the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns; 2020–24 American Community Survey's tract estimates; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition
Network-based low access and distance measures
Network: Low-access tract at 1 and 10 miles
Definition: A tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low-access tract at one-half and 10 miles
Definition: A tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low-access tract at 1 and 20 miles
Definition: A tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low-access tract using vehicle access and at 20 miles
Definition: A tract in which at least 100 households are located more than one-half mile from the nearest foodstore and have no vehicle access; or at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, live more than 20 miles from the nearest foodstore, regardless of vehicle availability.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates.
Network: Low-access tract at one-half mile
Definition: An urban tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing were aerially allocated using 3-arcsecond-square grids across the United States; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low access, number of people at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low access, share of people at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Low-access tract at 1 mile
Definition: An urban tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low access, number of people at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low access, share of people at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Low-access tract at 10 miles
Definition: A rural tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low access, number of people at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low access, share of people at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Low-access tract at 20 miles
Definition: A rural tract with at least 500 people, or 33 percent of the population, living more than 20 miles from the nearest foodstore, supercenter, or large grocery store.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Network: Low access, number of people at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low access, share of people at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract that resided more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Low access, number of people at 1 or 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals in a tract living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low access, number of people at one-half or 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals in a tract living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low access, number of people at 1 or 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals in a tract living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network-based vehicle availability
Network: No vehicle, tract with high number of housing units at one-half mile
Definition: A tract in which at least 100 households are located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, and have no vehicle access.
Data sources: 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates.
Network: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at one-half mile
Definition: Number of housing units located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than one-half mile from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Network: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Network: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at 1 mile
Definition: Number of housing units located more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than 1 mile from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Network: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Network: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at 10 miles
Definition: Number of housing units located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than 10 miles from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units in the tract to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Network: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Network: No vehicle, low access, number of housing units at 20 miles
Definition: Number of housing units located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the share of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level. Tract estimates of the shares of housing units without vehicles and more than 20 miles from a store are multiplied by the 2020 count of housing units in the tract to obtain an estimate of the number of households without vehicles.
Network: No vehicle, low access, share of housing units at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance, without access to a vehicle.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020–24 American Community Survey tract-level estimates; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units without access to a vehicle and located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of housing units in the tract.
Network-based low-income and low-access measures
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at 1 or 10 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at one-half or 10 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or more than 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at 1 or 20 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or more than 20 miles (rural areas) from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey; Census Bureau 2025 urban area definition.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile (urban areas) or 20 miles (rural areas) from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at one-half mile
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, share of people at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at 1 mile
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey were aerially allocated using 3-arcsecond-square grids across the United States.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, share of people at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at 10 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, share of people at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Low income, low access, number of people at 20 miles
Definition: Number of low-income individuals living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Low income, low access, share of people at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population that has low income and lives more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance in an urban tract. Low income is defined as annual family income at or below 200 percent of the Federal poverty threshold for family size.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of low-income individuals living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population in the tract with low income that resided more than 20 miles from a foodstores.
Network-based low access and population subgroups
Network: Children, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Children, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Seniors, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Seniors, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: White, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: White, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Black or African American, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Black or African American, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Asian, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Asian, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian or Alaska Native in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: Veterans, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Veterans, low access, share at one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than one-half mile from a foodstore.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, number at one-half mile
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, share at least one-half mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than one-half mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Network: Children, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Children, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Seniors, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Seniors, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: White, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: White, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Black or African American, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Black or African American, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Asian, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Asian, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian or Alaska Native in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Veterans, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Veterans, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than 1 mile from a foodstore.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, number at 1 mile
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, share at 1 mile
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 1 mile from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Network: Children, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Children, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Seniors, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Seniors, low access, share at 10 mile
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: White, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: White, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than 10 mile from a foodstore.
Network: Black or African American, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Black or African American, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Asian, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Asian, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using Network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian or Alaska Native in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Veterans, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Veterans, low access, share at 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than 10 miles from a foodstore.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, number at 10 miles
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, share at least 10 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.
Network: Children, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Children, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 0–17 living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 0–17 in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Seniors, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Seniors, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals age 65 or older living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population age 65 or older in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: White, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are White living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: White, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are White living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are White living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are White in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Black or African American, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Black or African American, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Black or African American living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Black or African American in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Asian, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Asian living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Asian, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Asian living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Asian living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Asian in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander living more than 10 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: American Indian or Alaska Native, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are American Indian or Alaska Native living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are American Indian and Alaska Native in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Some Other Race/Two or More Races, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are not included in the White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander race categories or who identify as more than one race living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Some Other Race/Two or More Races in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of Hispanic or Latino individuals living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Hispanic or Latino, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are Hispanic or Latino living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are Hispanic or Latino in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: Veterans, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: Veterans, low access, share at 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of tract population who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; LandScan USA 2020 population density patterns.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of individuals who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces living more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of individuals in the tract to obtain the percentage of the total population who are veterans in the tract located more than 20 miles from a foodstore.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, number at 20 miles
Definition: Number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level.
Network: SNAP housing units, low access, share at least 20 miles
Definition: Percentage of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from the nearest SNAP-authorized foodstore, calculated using network-based (road path) distance.
Data sources: STARS directory of stores authorized to accept SNAP benefits as of June 2025; 2020 Census of Population and Housing; 2020–24 American Community Survey.
Once road network distance to the nearest foodstore was calculated for each grid cell, the number of housing units receiving SNAP benefits located more than 20 miles from a foodstore was aggregated to the tract level and then divided by the total number of number housing units in the tract.