Food & Nutrition Assistance

Child Nutrition Programs
USDA, ERS conducts research on USDA's child nutrition programs and their role in children's food security, diets, and well-being. ERS studies the following child nutrition programs: the National School Lunch Program, School Breakfast Program, Child and Adult Care Food Program, Summer Food Service Program, and After-School Snacks and Meals. Updated charts and data are based on data through fiscal year 2022 (data are as of January 2023) made available by USDA, Food and Nutrition Service.
Food Assistance Data & Collaborative Research Programs
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers food and nutrition assistance programs that affect the lives of millions of people and account for roughly two-thirds of USDA’s annual budget. ERS is the primary source for economic studies and evaluations of domestic food and nutrition assistance programs to meet the needs of USDA, Congress, program managers, program participants, the research community, and the public at large.
Food Security in the U.S.
Food security—access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life—is one requirement for a healthy, well-nourished population. ERS plays a leading role in Federal research on food security in U.S. households and communities.
Poverty & Income Volatility
ERS examines the economic well-being of low-income participants and households in the various food and nutrition assistance programs.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is the Nation’s largest domestic food and nutrition assistance program for low-income households and is administered by USDA, Food and Nutrition Service (FNS). This page provides overview information on program background and eligibility requirements; recent policy developments; and the scope of USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) research on how SNAP meets its income support, diet quality, and other objectives.
WIC Program
ERS conducts studies of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) which serves to safeguard the health of low-income pregnant and postpartum women, infants, and children younger than 5 years who are at nutritional risk. The WIC program served about 6.3 million participants each month in fiscal year 2022, including an estimated 39 percent of all infants born in the United States.

Comparing Food Insecurity Among the U.S. Military and Civilian Adult Populations Household Food Insecurity Across Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2016–21 Utilizing the USDA’s National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey to Calculate a Household-Level Food Environment Measure The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): Background, Trends, and Economic Issues, 2024 Edition Selected Charts from Ag and Food Statistics: Charting the Essentials, 2024

See all

U.S. Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs Continued To Respond to Economic and Public Health Conditions in Fiscal Year 2022 Pandemic-Related Program Changes Continued to Shape the U.S. Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape in Fiscal Year 2021 Data Linkages Shed Light on Older USDA Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants’ Health Free Meal Sites Expanded Rapidly To Provide Meals to Children During the Early Months of the Pandemic Food Pantry Use Increased in 2020 for Most Types of U.S. Households

See all

Food and Nutrition Assistance Research Reports Database Food Security in the United States Eating and Health Module (ATUS) Food Environment Atlas SNAP Policy Data Sets

See all

Food Choices & Health Food Markets & Prices Food Safety