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European Agricultural Statistics
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This is an archived data product. It does not reflect
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European Agricultural Statistics: documentation
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See the product introduction to download this data set.
European Agricultural Statistics (12/97) Stock #98001
Economic Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture
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For questions, comments or further information about these data, contact:
Central and Eastern Europe
Nancy J. Cochrane cochrane@ers.usda.gov
Europe
David R. Kelch dkelch@ers.usda.gov
Or contact the ERS Information Center at: Phone: 202-694-5050
e-mail: service@ers.usda.gov
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TABLES AND FIGURES
Table/Figure File Name
Section 1. Macroeconomic Data
Figures
1 Agriculture's share of gross domestic product SECTION1.WK4
2 Agriculture's share of employment SECTION1.WK4
Tables
1 Population and employment, 1991-95 SB0102.WK4
2 Nominal GDP, real GDP growth, & consumer price SB0102.WK4
indices, for Europe, 1991-95
3 ECU exchange rates for European currencies, 1984-96 SB0304.WK4
4 Dollar exchange rates for European currencies, 84-96 SB0304.WK4
5 Agriculture's share of GDP and employment, 1989-94 SB05.WK4
Section II. Factors of Production
Figures
3 Land area SECTION2.WK4
4 Arable land as a percentage of total land SECTION2.WK4
5 Average EU farm sizes, 1993 SECTION2.WK4
Tables
6 Land area and land use SB06.WK4
7 Livestock inventories, 1995 SB07.WK4
8 EU average farm size and holdings, 1993 SB0809.WK4
9 CEE average farm size and holdings, 1994 SB0809.WK4
Section III. Consumption Indicators
Figures
6 EU consumer expenditures on foodstuffs, 1993 SECTION3.WK4
Tables
10 Per capita food consumption, European Union, 1995 SB1011.WK4
11 EU consumer expenditures on foodstuffs, 1993 SB1011.WK4
12a Per capita food consumption, Czech Republic, Hungary, SB12.WK4
Poland, & Slovakia
12b Per capita food consumption, Bulgaria and Romania SB12.WK4
Section IV. Policy Indicators
Figures
7 EU ag appropriations by commodity and economic SECTION4.WK4
type, 1997
Tables
13 EU ag spending by commodity & economic type, SB13.WK4
1988-97
14 EU agricultural policy prices, 1991/92-1996/97 SB14.WK4
15 Producer prices in EU member states, 1994 SB15.WK4
16 EU member state green rates, monthly average, 92-96 SB16.WK4
17 EU arable base area and set-aside schemes SB1719.WK4
18 Oilseeds base area SB1719.WK4
19 EU milk quotas, by type, 1995/96 SB1719.WK4
20 EU sugar production quotas, 1980/81-1995/96 SB20.WK4
21 EU grain intervention stocks, 1993/94-1995/96 SB2123.WK4
22 EU beef intervention stocks SB2123.WK4
23 EU cheese, butter, SMP intervention stocks, 91-96 SB2123.WK4
24 Special premium for male bovine animals SB2425.WK4
25 Ewe and goat premiums SB2425.WK4
Section V. Commodity Statistics
Figures
8 Grain production by commodity, 1996 SECTION5.WK4
9 Oilseed production by commodity, 1996 SECTION5.WK4
Tables: Supply and use of commodities in Europe, 1994-96
26 Wheat SB2629.WK4
27 Corn SB2629.WK4
28 Barley SB2629.WK4
29 Rye SB2629.WK4
30 Oats SB3032.WK4
31 Coarse grains SB3032.WK4
32 Total grains SB3032.WK4
33 Rapeseed SB3336.WK4
34 Sunflowerseed SB3336.WK4
35 Soybeans SB3336.WK4
36 Total oilseeds SB3336.WK4
37 Beef and veal SB3739.WK4
38 Pork SB3739.WK4
39 Poultry SB3739.WK4
40 Eggs SB404445.WK4
41 Butter SB4143.WK4
42 Cheese SB4143.WK4
43 Fluid milk SB4143.WK4
44 Nonfat dry milk SB404445.WK4
45 Sugar SB404445.WK4
Section VI. Trade
Figures
10 Agricultural imports, exports, and net trade, 1994 SECTION6.WK4
11 CEE total trade with EU SECTION6.WK4
12 CEE agricultural trade with EU SECTION6.WK4
13 Agricultural share of CEE-EU trade SECTION6.WK4
Tables
46 U.S. agricultural trade with European Union, 91-95 SB4647.WK4
47 Total agricultural imports and exports, by country, SB4647.WK4
1990-94
48 CEE agricultural exports to the EU, 1989-94 SB4849.WK4
49 CEE agricultural imports from the EU, 1989-94 SB4849.WK4
50 European Union: Uruguay Round commitments SB50.WK4
51 Poland: Uruguay Round commitments SB51.WK4
52 Hungary: Uruguay Round commitments SB52.WK4
53 Czech Republic: Uruguay Round commitments SB5354.WK4
54 Slovakia: Uruguay Round commitments SB5354.WK4
55 Romania: Uruguay Round commitments SB5556.WK4
56 Slovenia: Uruguay Round commitments SB5556.WK4
57 Poland: Utilization of Assoc. Agreement quotas SB5762.WK4
58 Hungary: Utilization of Assoc. Agreement quotas SB5762.WK4
59 Czech Republic: Utilization of Assoc. Agreement SB5762.WK4
quotas
60 Slovakia: Utilization of Assoc. Agreement quotas SB5762.WK4
61 Bulgaria: Utilization of Assoc. Agreement quotas SB5762.WK4
62 Romania: Utilization of Assoc. Agreement quotas SB5762.WK4
INTRODUCTORY TEXT
European Agricultural Statistics. By Timothy J. Smith. Commercial
Agriculture Division, Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture. Statistical Bulletin No. 937.
Abstract
This bulletin is a supplement to the Europe Team's Situation and Outlook
Series and expands upon material traditionally presented as an appendix in
the annual Europe Report. This report presents an extensive statistical
database on European agriculture. The geographic scope covers most of the
countries of Europe, including the 15 member states of the European Union
(Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United
Kingdom), Norway, Switzerland, and countries of Central and Eastern Europe
(Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The
other countries of Central and Eastern Europe lie outside the scope of
this report. Data on the Baltic States can be found in the Economic
Research Service publication Agricultural Statistics of the Former USSR
Republics and the Baltic States (Statistical Bulletin No. 863).
The tables and figures of this report are broken into six main parts,
covering macroeconomic data, factors of production, consumption
indicators, policy indicators, commodity statistics, and trade. Every
effort has been made to ensure that all data are as timely and accurate as
possible at press time.
Keywords
Agricultural trade, Association Agreement, Common Agricultural Policy,
Europe, European macroeconomic statistics, factors of production, General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, supply and use of agricultural
commodities, Uruguay Round commitments.
Acknowledgments
The editor sincerely thanks Europe Team interns Aylin Acikalin, Milena
Messori, and Francesca Vassallo for their efforts in locating and
compiling data. Thanks also to Nancy Cochrane, Elizabeth A. Jones, Susan
Leetmaa, Mary Lisa Madell, Todd Morath, and Mary Anne Normile for
providing editorial assistance.
Glossary
Arable Base Area - The total area eligible to receive compensatory or set-
aside payments, equal to the average of area planted to grains, oilseeds,
or protein crops in 1989, 1990, and 1991, plus land enrolled in either the
1-year or 5-year set-aside programs during those years. Exceeding the
arable base area results in penalties in the form of a reduction in
farmers' eligible acreage and an additional uncompensated set-aside in the
following year.
Association Agreement - An agreement between the EU and a non-member
country that conveys associate status on the non-member country. These
agreements generally offer bilateral trade concessions in the form of
tariff reductions or import quotas, and are often a prelude to full
membership in the EU.
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) - A group of former socialist countries
lying between Germany and the former Soviet Union. The region includes:
Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,
Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and the Yugoslav successor states (Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and Slovenia).
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) - A free trade area
originally comprised of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.
Slovenia joined the group in 1995.
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) - The unified farm policy applied by EU
members. The CAP sets agricultural prices, provides structural
improvements to agriculture, and formulates internal and external
agricultural trade policy. In 1993, a series of changes to the support
regimes for arable crops, dairy, beef, sheep meat, and tobacco were
adopted and are referred to as CAP Reform.
Europe Agreement - Association Agreements between the European Union and
the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The EU has
Europe Agreements with 10 countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia,
Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
European Community (EC) - See European Union.
European Currency Unit (ECU) - The common unit of account of the European
Union since 1979. The value of the ECU is calculated as a weighted
"basket" of currencies of all EU member states in relation to a reference
currency (in practice, the U.S. dollar).
European Union (EU) - A 15-member common market and customs union in
western Europe. Effective November 1, 1993, upon entry into force of the
(Maastricht) Treaty on European Union, the European Community became the
European Union.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) - An international agreement
to reduce tariffs and other trade barriers incrementally and
multilaterally. In 1995, the GATT had 115 contracting parties. The name
also refers to the organization located in Geneva that administered the
agreement and provided a forum for trade negotiations and settlement of
trade disputes. The organization has been superseded by the World Trade
Organization.
Intervention - A market support system under the Common Agricultural
Policy (CAP), whereby the EU supports the price of a commodity by
purchasing quantities at a fixed intervention price and holding them for
later sale on the domestic or export market. These sales are referred to
as intervention sales, and the stocks that are amassed as a result are
intervention stocks. Commodities covered include grains, beef, and dairy
products.
Maastricht Treaty - The Treaty on European Union. Signed in Maastricht,
Netherlands, in December 1991, entering into force on November 1, 1993,
after it was rejected by a Danish referendum and renegotiated to include
certain opt- outs for Denmark and the United Kingdom. The Treaty
establishes the common goal of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) by the
year 1999, and commits member states to closer integration in the realm of
foreign and security policy.
Set-aside - A mechanism for limiting supply by removing agricultural land
from production. In the EU, large producers must set aside part of their
arable crops area in order to qualify for compensatory payments. Producers
receive a payment, called the "set-aside premium," for each hectare set
aside. The set-aside rate is set by the Agricultural Council on an annual
basis.
Uruguay Round - The most recent series of global multilateral trade
negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The
Round began in Punta del Este, Uruguay, in September 1986 and the final
agreements were signed in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994. The
agreements went into force on January 1, 1995. The Round targeted some
new issues, such as agriculture, services, and intellectual property
rights, for more comprehensive treatment than in past rounds.
World Trade Organization (WTO) - An organization, established by the
Uruguay Round trade agreements and founded on January 1, 1995, in Geneva.
The WTO includes the GATT structure and extends it to new areas, like
agriculture, services, and intellectual property rights, not adequately
covered in the past. The new organization also strengthens the dispute
settlement mechanism and improves enforcement provisions.
Weights and Measures
The metric system of weights and measures is used in this report. The
following charts provide measurement
conversions:
Metric to U.S. Customary
1 hectare (ha) = 2.4711 acres
1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds
1 liter (l) = 1.0567 quarts
1 liter (l) = 0.2642 gallons
1 metric ton (t) = 2,204.622 pounds
1 metric ton (t) = 1.1023 short tons
1 metric ton (wheat) = 36.7437 bushels
1 metric ton (corn) = 39.368 bushels
1 metric ton (barley) = 45.9296 bushels
U.S. Customary to Metric
1 acre = 0.4047 hectares (ha)
1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms (kg)
1 quart = 0.9463 liters (l)
1 gallon = 3.7853 liters (l)
1 short ton = 0.9072 metric tons (t)
1 bushel of wheat = 27.2156 kilograms (kg)
1 bushel of corn = 25.4013 kilograms (kg)
1 bushel of barley = 21.7725 kilograms (kg)
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