|
Sources for individual two-page spreads found in An Illustrated Guide to Research Findings from USDA's Economic Research Service are listed below. Titles are listed in the order they appear in the publication.
Chart title: USDA’s Farm Act Funds
Pie chart:
Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation. "The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008, Estimates of Direct Spending and Revenues of the Conference Agreement for H.R. 2419."
USDA nutrition expenditures:
USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. "USDA Expenditures by Food and Nutrition Assistance Program, 2002 and 2008."
Commodity and crop insurance map:
USDA, Commodity Credit Corporation. "Payments by County, Fiscal Years 2004-07," unpublished.
USDA, Risk Management Agency. "Crop Insurance Indemnities by County, 2004-07."
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Census of Agriculture, "Cropland Acres," 2002.
Conservation payments map:
USDA, Commodity Credit Corporation. "Payments by County, Fiscal Years 2004-07," unpublished.
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Census of Agriculture, "Cropland Acres," 2002.
Food stamp map:
USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. “Average Monthly Participation in the Food Stamp Program by State, 2007.”
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Census Bureau. “National and State Population Estimates, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico, July 2007,” http://www.census.gov/popest/states/NST-ann-est.html
Chart title: About 1 in 5 Americans Participates in at Least One of USDA's Nutrition Assistance Programs
Graph on people in poverty, food stamp participants, and unemployed people:
USDA, Economic Research Service. "Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs Briefing Room," www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/foodnutritionassistance/gallery/peopleinpoverty.htm
Reasons why some people eligible for the Food Stamp Program do not participate:
Bartlett, Susan, and Nancy Burstein. Food Stamp Program Access Study: Eligible Nonparticipants, E-FAN-03-013-2, USDA, Economic Research Service, May 2004, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/efan03013/efan03013-2/
National School Lunch Program participation:
USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. Program Information Report (Keydata): U.S. Summary, FY 2007-FY 2008, September 2008, November 2008.
USDA’s investment in nutrition assistance safety net:
USDA, Food and Nutrition Service. Program Information Report (Keydata): U.S. Summary, FY 2007-FY 2008, September 2008, November 2008.
Factoid about a 1-percentage-point increase in the unemployment rate:
Hanson, Kenneth, and Craig Gundersen. Issues in Food Assistance—How Unemployment Affects the Food Stamp Program, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 26-7, USDA, Economic Research Service, September 2002, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fanrr26/fanrr26-7/
Factoid about the Food Stamp Program acting as a fiscal stimulus:
Hanson, Kenneth, and Elise Golan. Issues in Food Assistance—Effects of Changes in Food Stamp Expenditures Across the U.S. Economy, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 26-6, USDA, Economic Research Service, August 2002, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fanrr26/fanrr26-6/
Factoid about the Food Stamp Program and natural disasters (hurricanes):
Hanson, Kenneth, and Victor Oliveira. The 2005 Gulf Coast Hurricanes' Effect on Food Stamp Program Caseloads and Benefits Issued, Economic Research Report No. 37, USDA, Economic Research Service, February 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err37/
Factoid about WIC and infant formula:
Oliveira, Victor, and David Davis. Recent Trends and Economic Issues in the WIC Infant Formula Rebate Program, Economic Research Report No. 22, USDA, Economic Research Service, August 2006, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err22/
Chart title: Who Has Trouble Putting Food on the Table?
For all items:
Nord, Mark, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson. Household Food Security in the United States, 2007, Economic Research Report No. 66, USDA, Economic Research Service, November 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err66/
Chart title: Higher Productivity Drives Growth in U.S. Agriculture
More output per unit of input:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Agricultural Productivity in the United States,” www.ers.usda.gov/Data/AgProductivity/
Corn yield and technical change:
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural Statistics, various years; Census of Agriculture, various years.
Lower costs to produce commodities:
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Agricultural Statistics, various years.
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, various years.
Productivity changes in hog production …:
Key, Nigel, and William McBride. The Changing Economics of U.S. Hog Production, Economic Research Report No. 52, USDA, Economic Research Service, December 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err52/
…and organizational innovations:
USDA, Economic Research Service. Farm Costs and Returns Survey, 1992; and Agricultural Resource Management Survey, 1998 and 2004.
Chart title: Transforming “Working Lands” Conservation Budgets into Environmental Gains
Spending for major USDA conservation programs:
USDA, Office of Budget and Program Analysis. Annual Budget Summaries.
Chart title: U.S. Farms – Large and Small
For all charts referring to 2007:
USDA, Economic Research Service. Agricultural Resource Management Survey, 2007 (estimates were calculated using preliminary survey weights and may differ slightly from estimates calculated using the final 2007 weights, once they become available).
Hoppe, Robert, Penni Korb, Erik O’Donoghue, and David Banker. Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms: Family Farm Report, 2007 Edition, Economic Information Bulletin No. 24, USDA, Economic Research Service, June 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib24/
Farm product sales, by constant-dollar sales class, 1982-2002:
USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Census of Agriculture, "Longitudinal File,” 2002.
Hoppe, Robert, Penni Korb, and David Banker. Million-Dollar Farms in the New Century, Economic Information Bulletin No. 42, USDA, Economic Research Service, December 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib42/
Chart title: Racial and Ethnic Diversity Is Increasing in Rural America
U.S. map:
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census. County Population Estimates, 2006, www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html
Rates of nonmetro poverty:
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census. 2005 Current Population Survey, March Supplement.
Nonmetro minority populations:
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Population, 1980 and 1990; and “Population Estimates,” 2000 and 2007, www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html
Median age disparities:
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census. American Community Survey.
Chart title: Forestland a Big Draw for Rural Living
U.S. map:
U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Bureau of the Census. Census of Population, 1980, 1990, and 2000; and County Population Estimates, 2007, www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html
USDA, Forest Service. “Forest Inventory Files,” http://199.128.173.26/fido/index.html
For first three bar charts (Innate natural amenities boost rural population…, As does forestland, and Forestland can overcome…):
McGranahan, David. Natural Amenities Drive Rural Population Change, Agricultural Economic Report No. 781, USDA, Economic Research Service, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer781/
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Natural Amenities Index,” www.ers.usda.gov/data/naturalamenities/
Few scenic counties losing population:
USDA, Forest Service. “Forest Inventory Files,” http://199.128.173.26/fido/index.html
McGranahan, David. Natural Amenities Drive Rural Population Change, Agricultural Economic Report No. 781, USDA, Economic Research Service, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer781/
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Natural Amenities Index,” www.ers.usda.gov/data/naturalamenities/
Chart title: Land Retirement
CRP benefits accrue nationwide:
Hansen, Leroy, and Marc Ribaudo. Economic Measures of Soil Conservation Benefits: Regional Values for Policy Assessment, Technical Bulletin No. 1922, USDA, Economic Research Service, September 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/tb1922/
CRP acreage to shrink, but cap leaves room for new enrollment:
USDA, Farm Service Agency. “CRP Contract Data.”
Fast-growing continuous signup could be avenue for new enrollment:
USDA, Farm Service Agency. “CRP Contract Data.”
Over 1 million acres could be enrolled under the new WRP cap:
USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service. “WRP Contract Data.”
Chart title: Economics of Invasive Species in Agriculture
APHIS expenditures by major category:
USDA, Office of Budget and Program Analysis. Annual Budget Summaries.
Medfly detection and eradication expenditures:
Carpenter, L.L. Personal communication, Director, Florida Fruit Fly Detection Program, USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
USDA and Florida Department of Agriculture. Sterile Insect Release Facility Booklet, 2002.
Location of U.S. soybeans and incidence of soybean rust:
USDA. "Integrated Pest Management-Pest Information Platform."
Chart title: Biofuels and Agriculture
Corn and soybean projected plantings:
USDA, Office of the Chief Economist. USDA Agricultural Projections to 2017, Report No. OCE-2008-1, February 2008, http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/oce081/
Corn use continues shift toward ethanol:
Westcott, Paul. Ethanol Expansion in the United States: How Will the Agricultural Sector Adjust? USDA, Economic Research Service, Outlook Report No. FDS-07D-01, May 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/fds/2007/05may/fds07d01/
U.S. food price inflation:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Food CPI, Prices, and Expenditures Briefing Room: CPI for Food Forecasts,” www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/cpifoodandexpenditures/data/cpiforecasts.htm
Chart title: Anatomy of a Global Food Price Spike
For all items:
Trostle, Ronald. Global Agricultural Supply and Demand: Factors Contributing to the Recent Increase in Food Commodity Prices, USDA, Economic Research Service, Outlook Report No. WRS-0801, July 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs0801/
Chart title: Developing Countries Emerge as Biggest Destination for U.S. Food Exports
U.S. agricultural trade data (bar graphs superimposed on map, pie charts, and table ranking U.S. agricultural markets:
USDA, Economic Research Service. Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade, Outlook Report No. AES-60, December 2008, http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/AES/AES-12-01-2008.pdf
USDA, Economic Research Service. Outlook for U.S. Agricultural Trade, Outlook Report No. AES-28, December 2000, http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/ers/AES//2000s/2000/AES-12-04-2000.pdf
Data on economic growth (figure at bottom left):
Oxford Economic Forecasting. U.S. Agricultural Update, pg. 43, December 2008.
Data on population and urbanization (figures at bottom, second and third from left):
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “FAOSTAT Database,” http://faostat.fao.org/
Text sources:
Pacific Economic Cooperation Council. Pacific Food System Outlook, 2007-2008: Linkages to Growing Urban Markets Spur Rural Development, January 2008, http://www.pecc.org/food/papers/PFSO-2007.pdf
Coyle, William. “A Revolution in Food Retailing Underway in the Asia-Pacific Region,” Amber Waves, June 2006, www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/june06/features/revolution.htm
Coyle, William, Brad Gilmour, and Walter Armbruster. “Where Will Demographics Take the Asia-Pacific Food System?” Amber Waves, June 2004, www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/june04/features/wherewilldemographics.htm
Chart title: NAFTA Clears the Way for Agricultural Trade With Canada and Mexico
Trade related employment data:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Agricultural Trade Multipliers,” www.ers.usda.gov/data/trademultiplier/
Trade data:
USDA, Foreign Agricultural Service. “U.S. Trade Internet System,” 2009, https://www.fas.usda.gov/ustrade
Foreign investment data:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. “International Economic Accounts: Operations of Multinational Companies,” 2008, http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm
For all items:
Zahniser, Steven. NAFTA at 13: Implementation Nears Completion, Outlook Report No. WRS-0701, USDA, Economic Research Service, March 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/wrs0701/
Chart title: U.S. Demand for Organic Products Goes Global
U.S. organic food sales are increasing:
USDA, “National Organic Program Data” (certified organic producers); and Organic Food Association and Nutrition Business Journal (organic food sales).
U.S. certified organic acreage and operations:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Organic Production,” www.ers.usda.gov/data/organic/
USDA certification of producers and handlers worldwide to the U.S. organic standard:
USDA, “National Organic Program Data.”
Chart title: Global Food Security: A Goal, A Challenge
Share of food-insecure population:
Rosen, Stacey, Shahla Shapouri, Kathryn Quanbeck, and Birgit Meade. Food Security Assessment, 2007, Outlook Report No. GFA-19, USDA, Economic Research Service, July 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/gfa19/
Total population for 70 countries:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “FAOSTAT Database,” http://faostat.fao.org/
Food aid falls short of estimated food gap:
United Nations, World Food Program.
Rosen, Stacey, Shahla Shapouri, Kathryn Quanbeck, and Birgit Meade. Food Security Assessment, 2007, Outlook Report No. GFA-19, USDA, Economic Research Service, July 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/gfa19/
Global food aid donations:
United Nations, World Food Program.
Low income:
World Bank. “Development Indicators.”
Food supply:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. “FAOSTAT Database,” http://faostat.fao.org/
Commodity prices:
International Monetary Fund. “World Economic Outlook Database.”
Export earnings:
World Bank. “Development Indicators.”
Chart title: Where Does Your Food Dollar Go?
For all items:
USDA, Economic Research Service. "Calculating the Food Marketing Bill,"
www.ers.usda.gov/AmberWaves/February04/Indicators/behinddata.htm
Chart title: The Amount Spent on Food Rises with Income…While the Proportion Falls…
Domestic food expenditures:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Food CPI and Expenditures Briefing Room,” www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/cpifoodandexpenditures/
International food expenditure:
Euromonitor International.
Chart title: Regional Variation Nearly Double Inflation Rate for Food Prices
Annual percent change in food prices:
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Consumer Price Index and Average Price Data."
Food prices—variation from national average:
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Consumer Price Index and Average Price Data."
The Nielsen Company. “Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel Data.”
Why do regional prices vary so much?:
The Nielsen Company. "Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel Data."
Chart title: Can Low-Income Americans Afford a Healthy Diet?
Could you feed your family on $136 per week?:
USDA, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. “Cost of Food at Home,” www.cnpp.usda.gov/usdafoodcost-home.htm
Nord, Mark, Margaret Andrews, and Steven Carlson. Household Food Security in the United States, 2006, Economic Research Report No. 49, USDA, Economic Research Service, November 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err49/
Do you spend almost half of your food budget on fruits and vegetables?:
Carlson, Andrea, Mark Lino, WenYen Juan, Kenneth Hanson, and Peter Basiotis. Thrifty Food Plan, 2006, Report No. CNPP-19, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, April 2007.
Blisard, Noel, and Hayden Stewart. Food Spending in American Households, 2003-04, Economic Information Bulletin No. 23, USDA, Economic Research Service, March 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib23/
Could you spend more time in the kitchen?:
Mancino, Lisa, and Constance Newman. Who Has Time to Cook? How Family Resources Influence Food Preparation, Economic Research Report No. 40, USDA, Economic Research Service, May 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err40/err40.pdf
Are healthy foods more expensive than other foods?:
Kuchler, Fred, and Hayden Stewart. Are Fruits and Vegetables Becoming More Expensive Than “Unhealthy” Food? Economic Research Report No. 55, USDA, Economic Research Service, March 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err55/
Exploring Food Purchase Behavior of Low-Income Households: How Do They Economize? by Ephraim Leibtag and Phillip Kaufman, ERS, AIB No. 747-07, June 2003. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aib747/aib74707.pdf
Are food prices high where you live?:
Kaufman, Phillip, James MacDonald, Steven Lutz, and David Smallwood. Do the Poor Pay More for Food? Item Selection and Price Differences Affect Low-Income Household Food Costs, Agricultural Economic Report No. 759, USDA, Economic Research Service, November 1997, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer759/
Leibtag, Ephraim. Can Food Stamps Do More To Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective—Stretching the Food Stamp Dollar: Regional Price Differences Affect Affordability of Food, Economic Information Bulletin No. 29-2, September 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib29/eib29-2/eib29-2.pdf
Would a healthy-food subsidy help you eat better?:
Dong, Diansheng, and Biing-Hwan Lin. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption by Low-Income Americans: Would a Price Reduction Make a Difference? Economic Research Report No. 70, USDA, Economic Research Service, January 2009, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err70/
Stewart, Hayden, and Noel Blisard. Are Lower Income Households Willing and Able To Budget for Fruits and Vegetables? Economic Research Report No. 54, USDA, Economic Research Service, January 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err54/
Chart title: Why Do So Few Americans Choose a Healthy Diet?
Minutes/day spent in food preparation:
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. “American Time Use Survey,” 2007.
Mancino, Lisa, and Constance Newman. “Who Has Time to Cook? How Family Resources Influence Food Preparation,” Economic Research Report No. 40, USDA, Economic Research Service, May 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err40/err40.pdf
Percent of total calories/food expenditures:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Diet Quality and Food Consumption Briefing Room: Food Away from Home,” www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/dietquality/fafh.htm
Situational cues influence eating behaviors:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Eating and Health Module (ATUS): 2007 Current Findings,” www.ers.usda.gov/data/atus/2007/2007current.htm
Percent reporting regular use of nutrition labels:
Todd, Jessica E., and Jayachandran N. Variyam. The Decline in Consumer Use of Food Nutrition Labels, 1995-2006, Economic Research Report, No. 63, USDA, Economic Research Service, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err63/err63.pdf
Daily vegetable servings:
USDA, Agricultural Research Service. 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals.
Sales of whole grain products relative to nonwhole grain sales:
The Nielsen Company. “Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel Data,” 1998-2006.
Chart title: America Eats More of Everything and Too Much of Some Things
For all items:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “ERS Food Availability (Per Capita) Data System,” 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/data/foodconsumption/
Chart title: Food Safety from Farm to Fork
Food safety violations provide some information about recurring problems in food imports:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. “Data on Refusals of Food Offered for Importation into the United States From 1998 to 2004.”
Buzby, Jean, Laurian J. Unnevehr, and Donna Roberts. Food Safety and Imports: An Analysis of FDA Import Refusal Reports, Economic Information Bulletin No. 39, September 2008, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib39/
HACCP regulation costs vary by firm size:
Ollinger, Michael, Danna Moore, and Ram Chandran. Meat and Poultry Plants' Food Safety Investments: Survey Findings, Technical Bulletin No. 1911, USDA, Economic Research Service, May 2004, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/tb1911/
Market incentives boost industry investment:
Ollinger, Michael. “Market Incentives Raise Food Safety Bar,” Amber Waves, April 2004, www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/april04/findings/marketIncentives.htm
Technological advances improve food safety performance and monitoring:
Roberts, Tanya. “New Pathogen Tests Trigger Food Safety Innovations,” Amber Waves, February 2006, www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/february06/findings/findings_dh1.htm
Consumer reaction to food safety incidents varies:
The Nielsen Company. “Nielsen Homescan Consumer Panel Data.”
Kuchler, Fred, and Abebayehu Tegene. Did BSE Announcements Reduce Beef Purchases? Economic Research Report No. ERR-34, USDA, Economic Research Service, December 2006, www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err34/
Calvin, Linda.“Outbreak Linked to Spinach Forces Reassessment of Food Safety Practices,” Amber Waves, June 2007, www.ers.usda.gov/amberwaves/june07/features/spinach.htm
Foodborne illness leads to medical expenses, lost productivity, and premature death:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Foodborne Illness Cost Calculator,” www.ers.usda.gov/data/foodborneillness/
In 2007, Americans spend almost half of their food budgets…:
USDA, Economic Research Service. “Food CPI and Expenditures Briefing Room,” www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/cpifoodandexpenditures/
|
