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An open model measures the direct and indirect effects of an economic activity (exports), that is, the impacts of sales and purchases between all goods and service sectors of the economy, sales to final demand (consumption, investment, government, and net exports) and purchases of land, labor, and capital services.
Open model multipliers are best suited to describe what has already happened in an economy or the interrelatedness of sectors in a base period.
For additional information, see Understanding Open Versus Partially Closed Multipliers, the Assumptions, and Methodology.
2007 ERS Open Model Estimates
| Data
Set |
Last Updated |
Trade Multipliers—Open
Model
For agricultural exports in the calendar year, ERS estimates of 1) the national
employment per $1 billion of agricultural exports of a commodity or
from an industry and 2) the total economy-wide output per $1 of commodity
or sector exports at the producer and port stage of export. |
November 2008 |
Benchmark Input/Output Trade Margins
Trade margins reflect the value of transportation and wholesale-and-retail-trade
services provided in delivering
commodities from producers to purchasers.
They are used in the ERS estimates for port-value multipliers.
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November 2008 |
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