Utility patents held by non-U.S. companies (excluding subsidiaries), by technology class and subclass
| | Utility patents |
| Non-U.S. companies (excluding subsidiaries) and technology |
All |
Technology class |
Technology subclass |
| | Number |
| A/S ALFRED BENZON |
5 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
3 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
3 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
1 |
|
| | | Transcriptional regulator |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| A/S DE DANSKE SPRITFABRIKKER |
4 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
2 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
2 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
3 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
2 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
4 |
|
| | | Post-transcriptional regulation |
| |
2 |
| | | T-DNA (plant only) |
| |
2 |
| | | Post-translational modification |
| |
2 |
| ABI BIOTECHNOLOGY INC. |
2 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
1 |
|
| | | Fungi |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
2 |
| ABIC LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
1 |
| ADCOCK-INGRAM LAB., LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
1 |
| ADVANCED RIVERINA HOLDINGS, LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Animal growth regulators |
| |
1 |
| | | Animal reproduction |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LTD. |
6 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
5 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
3 |
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
2 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
2 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
1 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Antibodies |
| |
2 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
3 |
|
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
2 |
| | | Transformation stability/heritability |
| |
1 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
1 |
|
| | | RNA stability |
| |
1 |
| | | Protein stability |
| |
1 |
| | | Transcriptional regulator |
| |
1 |
| ADVANTA TECHNOLOGY LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
1 |
| | | Plant organisms, cultivars, germplasm |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| AESCULAAP B.V. |
1 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| AFFYMAX TECHNOLOGIES N.V. |
13 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
3 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
3 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
4 |
|
| | | Antibodies |
| |
4 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
9 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
6 |
| | | Mutagenesis |
| |
3 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| | | Transformation stability/heritability |
| |
2 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
4 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
7 |
|
| | | Protein stability |
| |
2 |
| | | Transcription factor |
| |
4 |
| | | Receptor |
| |
6 |
| | | Gene tagging |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
2 |
|
| AGREVO UK LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| AGRICULTURAL GENETICS CO., LTD. |
19 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
10 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
2 |
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
5 |
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
5 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
2 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
3 |
|
| | | Fungi |
| |
3 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
2 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
2 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
11 |
|
| | | Biotechnology pest regulation |
| |
6 |
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
7 |
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
6 |
| | | Fertilizer |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
2 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
2 |
|
| | | T-DNA (plant only) |
| |
2 |
| | Unclassified |
|
3 |
|
| AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS, LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
1 |
| AGRIUM, INC. |
1 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
1 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
1 |
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
1 |
| AGRO ELEMENTS |
1 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
1 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
1 |
|
| | | Fungi |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
1 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
1 |
| AGRO-KANESHO CO., LTD. |
3 |
| |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
1 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| AISIN SEIKI K.K. |
1 |
| |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
1 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
1 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Antibodies |
| |
1 |
| AJINOMOTO CO. INC. |
127 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
14 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
6 |
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
7 |
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
2 |
| | | Plant organisms, cultivars, germplasm |
| |
1 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
41 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
36 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
6 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
4 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
4 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
21 |
|
| | | Animal growth regulators |
| |
21 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
76 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
1 |
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
75 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
2 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
17 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
5 |
| | | Mutagenesis |
| |
1 |
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| | | Selectable marker techniques |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
10 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
3 |
|
| | | Protein stability |
| |
1 |
| | | Transcriptional regulator |
| |
2 |
| | Genomics |
|
1 |
|
| | | Proteomics (including gene expression systems) |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
17 |
|
| AKZO NOBEL BV |
82 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
2 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
9 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
7 |
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
2 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
67 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
62 |
| | | Antibodies |
| |
20 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
18 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
5 |
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
2 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
13 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
5 |
|
| | | Post-transcriptional regulation |
| |
1 |
| | | Receptor |
| |
1 |
| | | Post-translational modification |
| |
4 |
| | Genomics |
|
6 |
|
| | | Bioinformatics: DNA and protein sequence analysis |
| |
6 |
| | Unclassified |
|
5 |
|
| ALFA LAVAL AGRI. INTERNATIONAL AB |
2 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
1 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
1 |
| ALKO LTD. |
6 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Fungi |
| |
2 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
2 |
|
| ALLELIX BIOPHARMACEUTICALS INC. |
5 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
1 |
| | | Male sterility/self-incompatability |
| |
1 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| | | Selectable marker techniques |
| |
2 |
| | | Transformation stability/heritability |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| ALUSUISSE HOLDINGS A.G. |
2 |
| |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Animal growth regulators |
| |
2 |
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Human pharmaceuticals |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
2 |
| AMANO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD |
7 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
3 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
2 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
5 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
2 |
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
4 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
1 |
|
| | | Protein stability |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| AMERSHAM INTERNATIONAL LTD. |
10 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Fungi |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
6 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
4 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
2 |
|
| | | Receptor |
| |
2 |
| | Genomics |
|
2 |
|
| | | Subtractive hybridization |
| |
2 |
| | Unclassified |
|
2 |
|
| AMERSHAM PHARMACIA BIOTECH INC. |
1 |
| |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| AMERSHAM PHARMACIA BIOTECH UK LTD. |
2 |
| |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
2 |
| AMRAD CORP. LTD. |
6 |
| |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Animal growth regulators |
| |
2 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
6 |
|
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
5 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| AMYLOGENE HB |
2 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
2 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
2 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
2 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
2 |
| ANTIBIOTICOS, S.A. |
2 |
| |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
2 |
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| APPLIED RESEARCH SYSTEMS ARS HOLDING N.V. |
1 |
| |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | | Selectable marker techniques |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
1 |
|
| | | Transcriptional regulator |
| |
1 |
| APPLIGENE, S.A. |
1 |
| |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| AQUITAINE, SOCIETE NATIONALE DES PETROLES |
3 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
1 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
2 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
1 |
| ARTHUR WEBSTER PTY. LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| ASAHI DENKA KOGYO CO. |
4 |
| |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
1 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
1 |
|
| | | Post-translational modification |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
2 |
|
| ASAHI KASEI KOGYO CO. |
5 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
2 |
|
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
2 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
1 |
|
| | | Fungi |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
3 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
1 |
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
1 |
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
2 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| ASAHI KOGAKU KOGYO CO. |
2 |
| |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| ASTRA AB |
2 |
| |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
2 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
2 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
1 |
|
| | | Post-transcriptional regulation |
| |
1 |
| | | Post-translational modification |
| |
1 |
| ATOMIC ENERGY OF CANADA LTD. |
2 |
| |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
2 |
|
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
2 |
| AUSTGEN-BIOJET INTERNATIONAL PTY, LTD. |
1 |
| |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| AVENTIS CROPSCIENCE |
4 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
2 |
|
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
2 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
2 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
1 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
2 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
3 |
|
| | | Biotechnology pest regulation |
| |
2 |
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
2 |
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| AVEVE N.V. |
1 |
| |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| AXIS GENETICS PLC. |
2 |
| |
| | Unclassified |
|
2 |
|
| BACHEM BIOSCIENCE |
1 |
| |
| | Unclassified |
|
1 |
|
| BAL PLANNING |
2 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
2 |
|
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
2 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
2 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
2 |
| BANYU SEIYAKU K. K. |
1 |
| |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
1 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
1 |
| | | Genetic markers |
| |
1 |
| BASF AG |
89 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
9 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
2 |
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
2 |
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
4 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
2 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
7 |
|
| | | Other transgenic animals |
| |
1 |
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
3 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
5 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
65 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
65 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
8 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
2 |
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
6 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
1 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
3 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
2 |
| | | Selectable marker techniques |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
9 |
|
| | | Transcriptional regulator |
| |
8 |
| | | Post-transcriptional regulation |
| |
1 |
| | | Receptor |
| |
4 |
| | Unclassified |
|
9 |
|
| BAYER AG |
154 |
| |
| | Plant Technologies |
|
15 |
|
| | | Nutrition, etc |
| |
1 |
| | | Agronomic applications |
| |
11 |
| | | Physical structure and plant function |
| |
1 |
| | | Male sterility/self-incompatability |
| |
1 |
| | | Other plant technologies |
| |
1 |
| | Patented Organisms, non-plant |
|
6 |
|
| | | Microorganisms |
| |
3 |
| | | Fungi |
| |
3 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants |
|
101 |
|
| | | Plant growth regulators |
| |
101 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals |
|
5 |
|
| | | Animal growth regulators |
| |
5 |
| | | Timing and control of gene expression |
| |
1 |
| | Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals |
|
7 |
|
| | | Microorganisms used for biological control |
| |
3 |
| | | Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes |
| |
1 |
| | | Food and food additives from biotechnology |
| |
4 |
| | Pharmaceuticals |
|
12 |
|
| | | Veterinary pharmaceuticals |
| |
10 |
| | | Human pharmaceuticals |
| |
1 |
| | | Antibodies |
| |
1 |
| | Genetic Transformation |
|
11 |
|
| | | Transformation platforms |
| |
5 |
| | | Selectable marker techniques |
| |
1 |
| | | Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc. |
| |
5 |
| | | Diagnostic techniques |
| |
1 |
| | Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale |
|
8 |
|
| | | Post-transcriptional regulation |
| |
2 |
| | | Receptor |
| |
1 |
| | | Post-translational modification |
| |
5 |
| | |