USDA Economic Research Service Data Sets
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Data Sets

Agricultural Biotechnology Intellectual Property: Standard Tables
Detail
Utility patents held by U.S. universities and nonprofits, by technology class and subclass
 Utility patents
U.S. universities and nonprofits and technology     All     Technology
class		 Technology
subclass
 Number
Total utility patents held by U.S. universities and nonprofits 2,344           
     Plant Technologies       437      
          Nutrition, etc            114
          Agronomic applications            206
          Physical structure and plant function            65
          Plant organisms, cultivars, germplasm            15
          Male sterility/self-incompatability            28
          Other plant technologies            100
     Patented Organisms, non-plant       314      
          Transformed agricultural animals            8
          Cloned agricultural animals            6
          Other transgenic animals            9
          Microorganisms            170
          Fungi            151
     Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Plants       231      
          Plant growth regulators            168
          Enzymes            3
          Timing and control of gene expression            69
     Metabolic Pathways and Biological Processes in Animals       213      
          Animal growth regulators            91
          Enzymes            2
          Timing and control of gene expression            107
          Animal reproduction            27
     Protection, Nutrition and Biological Control of Plants and Animals       392      
          Biotechnology pest regulation            91
          Microorganisms used for biological control            172
          Microorganisms used for other plant protection purposes            107
          Fertilizer            5
          Food and food additives from biotechnology            121
     Pharmaceuticals       374      
          Veterinary pharmaceuticals            232
          Human pharmaceuticals            27
          Antibodies            177
     Genetic Transformation       893      
          Transformation platforms            245
          Mutagenesis            42
          Genetic markers            93
          Selectable marker techniques            99
          Culture growth, cell differentiation, etc.            294
          Transformation stability/heritability            12
          Diagnostic techniques            332
     Metabolic Pathways and Biologic Processes, DNA-Scale       367      
          Recombination systems (CRELOX, FLP recombinase)            13
          RNA stability            6
          Protein stability            5
          Protein localization            21
          Transcription factor            37
          Transcriptional regulator            88
          Post-transcriptional regulation            24
          Receptor            75
          T-DNA (plant only)            31
          Ds element, Ac element (plant only)            2
          Spm element (plant only)            5
          Activation tagging            7
          Gene tagging            42
          Post-translational modification            85
     Genomics       87      
          DNA microarray            2
          Genome or EST sequencing            10
          High-throughput DNA sequencing            4
          Proteomics (including gene expression systems)            16
          Protein sequencing            9
          RDA (representational difference analysis)            7
          SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression)            2
          Subtractive hybridization            18
          Bioinformatics: DNA and protein sequence analysis            28
          Bioinformatics: data storage and manipulation            1
     Unclassified       426      
Note: Technology classifications are not mutually exclusive.
Date created: 5/27/2004 12:22:16 PM

 
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Updated date: August 26, 2004